The Chitwan National Park is situated in the southern lowlands (the Terai) in Nepal. Chitwan (meaning 'heart of the jungle') is one of the finest wildlife reserves in Asia.Royal Chitwan National Park stands today as a successful testimony of nature conservation in South Asia. This is the first national park of Nepal established in 1973 to preserve a unique ecosystem significantly valuable to the whole world. The park covering a pristine area of 932 sq. km is situated in the subtropical inner Terai lowlands of southern central part of Nepal. The park has gained much wider recognition in the world when UNESCO included this area on the list of World Heritage Site in 1984.
Formerly, the Chitwan valley was well known for big game and was exclusively managed as a hunting reserve for the Rana Prime Ministers and their guests until 1950. In 1963, the area south of Rapti was demarcated as a rhinoceros sanctuary. In 1970, His late Majesty King Mahendra had approved in principle the creation of Royal Chitwan National Park.
The park consists of churia hills, ox-bow lakes, flood plains of Rapti, Reu and Narayani rivers. The Churia hill rises gradually towards the east from 150 m to over 800 m. The lower but most rugged Someshwor hills occupy most of the western portion of the park. The flood plains of Chitwan are rich alluvial. The park boundaries have been delineated by the Narayani and Rapti rivers in the north and west, and the Reu river and Someshwor hills in the south and south-west. It shares its eastern border with Parsa Wildlife Reserve.. It is home to more than 700 species of birds and over 70 species of wild creatures including the endangered Royal Bengal Tiger, elephants, one-horned white rhinos, sloths and garial crocodiles, for example
The local people belong to the Tharu tribe and there are opportunities to visit Tharu villages and to enjoy programmes of Tharu culture - as well as elephant safaris and canoe trips. The scenery is a mixture of dense jungle forest, savannah and open plains with some riverine wetlands.